This study was based on the findings of macrofungal studies performed within the boundaries of Gaziantep Province between 2009 and 2019. Tracing the researches carried out in the region, a list of 404 taxa belonging to 203 genera, 80 families, 23 orders and 8 classes within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota have been compiled.

In this study, flower morphology and ontogeny of Turkish endemic Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers. (Rosaceae) were studied using stereo, light and scanning electron microscope. Crataegus tanacetifolia has corymb type of inflorescence which bears 5-10 hermaphrodite flowers. The first sign in appearance of the flowers is the differentiation of apical meristem as a roundish bulge. It transforms into the floral meristem which gives rise to floral organ primordia in advanced stages. Twenty stamen primordia differentiate as roundish bulge from the sides of floral meristem. Subsequently, the stamen primordia start stretching and differantiating into filaments and anthers respectively. After a short time of stamen initiation, 5 carpel primordia differentiate from the floral meristem. In following stages, the carpel primordia elongate and form an ovary with 5 loculi. During the ovary formation, 5 styles occur on the ovary and then stigmas evolve out of styles tips.

Hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus, in sensitive tissues such as the kidney, can cause dysfunction by damaging the blood vessels. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, play a significant role in the degradation of proteins and angiogenesis; while epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the recovery of damaged tissues. Here in, we investigated the relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9/EGFR in the kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced Wistar male rats. We also examined the effects of resveratrol known as a strong tissue-protective on these changes. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and trans-resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal) was used for treatment. Rats were divided into 4 groups as control, resveratrol (Res), diabetes (Diab) and diabetes plus resveratrol (Diab+Res). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly decreased in the kidneys in the diabetic group, whereas nitrite/nitrate, urea, creatine kinase (CK) and uric acid concentrations increased. MMP-2, MMP-9, calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) concentrations of kidney were increased although reduced EGFR in the diabetes group. Resveratrol supplementation markedly restored all these structures. Diabetes activates MMP related inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant enzymes in the kidney tissues. Resveratrol has partly modulatory effects on diabetes-induced changes.

Basidiomata were collected during the field trips in 2012 and 2015 from Trabzon, Turkey and identified based on morphological data. As a result, Cortinarius atroalbus M. M. Moser and C. duracinobtusus Rob. Henry are recorded for the first time from Turkey and provided here with descriptions, figures and a short discussion. C. atroalbus has a conical, convex to applanate and umbonate; dark chestnut brown to blackish brown, hygrophanous pileus; adnate to nearly arcuate, pale brown to rusty brown crowded lamellae; cylindrical, slightly curved, silvery whitish to very pale brown stipe and ellipsoid, slightly verrucose basidiospores. C. duracinobtusus has a conical to campanulate with a typically broad and umbonate, brown, dark yellow to brown pileus; sub-decurrent to adnate, sparse, dark yellow to orange brown, smooth, moderately thick and regular lamellae; cylindrical, generally curved, sometimes hollow, orange brown to dark yellowish stipe and ellipsoid, slightly verrucose and granulate basidiospores.

The leaf epidermis of Icacina trichantha, a quintessential medicinal tropical plant was investigated with the aid of light microscopy and the chemical constituents of its leaf and root were investigated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hitherto, leaf epidermis data is missing and similarly, the chemical analysis of the leaf and root of the plant is undertaken in a single study for the first time. The leaf epidermis characters with which the species can be defined include paracytic and diacytic stomatal types, irregular epidermal cell shape together with angular or curved anticlinal wall patterns. However, the quantitative data appeared to overlap thus providing the range of values of both the measured and counted features. N-hexane extract of the root is rich in reducing sugars, tannins, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids while GC-MS analysis revealed 11 and 3 significant esterified bioactive components in the leaf and tuberous root respectively with dodecanoic acid being most abundantly present (47.85%-54.10 %) but some chemical confined to specific areas are trichothec-9-en-8-one (47.73 %) in the root and 9-octadecenoic acid (25.05 %) in the leaf. The result of this study will assist in identifying the plant even if its parts are fragmentary and also be helpful in screening the plant for drug.

The biofilm problem is a problem that is commonly encountered in many areas of industry and causes serious economic losses. It is stated in the literature that biofilms can be removed from surfaces by appropriate cleaning methods. However, biofilm formation gains continuity over time. Biofilm studies are generally on bacteria. Microorganisms that cause infection in humans include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In biofilm-borne infections, there may be only one or a combination of various microorganisms. Nowadays, new searches are in progress due to the ineffectiveness of synthetic drugs against fungal diseases, their side effects, and the increase of the number of pathogenic microorganisms that are rapidly resistant to existing antifungals. Therefore, the prevention of biofilm formation is now one of the most important studies worldwide.

The taxonomy of narrow endemic plant taxa, chorology and protective biology are an important contribution for every new population determined. Here, new population information from Turkey has been given for a total of 5 narrow-range endemic plant taxa, led by Aethionema dumanii (Brassicaceae), Astragalus aytatchii (Fabaceae), Salvia halophila (Lamiaceae), Sedum hewittii (Crassulaceae) and Senecio olympicus (Asteraceae). Furthermore, some features and ecological preferences, localities, distribution map and images of the species are given.